Cell Cycle And Dna Rn Mirnas Regulating Cellular...

I am a young researcher from India aspiring for a PhD position. I obtained my master degree in biochemistry from Osmania University, India. Currently I’m a senior research fellow in the laboratory of DNA Replication and Cell Cycle at National Institute of Immunology, India, under the supervision of Dr. Sandeep Saxena. The main focus of the lab is to study the role of non-coding RNAs in regulation of Cell Cycle and DNA replication and also to provide mechanical insights in understanding the checkpoint response to aberrations in replication complexes. My project work is focused on understanding the role of non-coding RNA – miRNAs regulating cellular proliferation during oncogenic transformations. miRNA targeting mRNA regulates gene expression post transcriptionally and plays an important role in tumor progression. To identify differentially expressed miRNAs in Osteosarcoma cell lines which have different proliferation rates, I have screened miRNAs from relevant microRNA datasets and upregulated and downregulated microRNAs were shortlisted and their expression were analyzed in the respective OS cell line by real-time RT PCR. Potential targets for miRNAs were screened for cell cycle and DNA replication genes by target scan and KEGG database. Downregulated miRNAs were overexpressed in OS cell lines by transfecting the synthetic mimics/ inhibitors and checked the expression levels of the target protein at RNA level by qRT PCR and at protein level by Immunoblotting. Further cell

Essay on The Trials of Odysseus of Homers Odyssey

The Trials of Odysseus Homers epic poem The Odyssey was written after his Iliad which told the tales of the Trojan War. This Odyssey told of the wanderings of a prominent warrior and ruler, Odysseus. Odysseus fought in the Trojan War and, after the Greeks claimed their victory at Troy, began his prolonged journey home. During his travels Odysseus faced many obstacles which he had to overcome. Through his wanderings, Odysseus had to prove his valor, intellect, and determination. Incorporated into The Odyssey are many current-day characteristics of man including a constant dependence on others, the presence of a greater vision, or lack there of, and the essence of a sensitive side behind courage and pride. At times throughout†¦show more content†¦Athena reassured Odysseus throughout the epic poem saying I am a god and will protect you to the end, through all your toils (196). Odysseus became dependent on Athenas encouragement and lacked self-reliance. He believed it was all right to doubt himself because he knew that Athena would always be there to brush the doubt away and encourage him on his journey home. Odysseus depended on mortals and immortals to boost his confidence and he sought their help, knowing that both would come to his aid because they pitied him. Odysseus journey home was to prove that he could do something on his own, but the mortals and immortals pity constantly helped him along his journey. Odysseus was aware that both men and gods would help him and he said Oh hear me now, although before though didst not hear me, when I was wrecked, what time the great Land-shaker wrecked me. Grant that I come among the Phaecians welcomed and pitied by them (61) and so Odysseus foreshadowed what was to come. He knew that when he reached the land of the Phaecians that they would feel sorry for him and would try to help him. He became so dependent on others help, that he forgot his own intellect and determination, and he ended up not making the journey on his own. Although Odysseus did depend on others much more than on his own intellect, valor, and determination, he did maintain a greaterShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts Of The Odyssey In Homers The Odyssey1166 Words   |  5 PagesHomer’s epic poem The Odyssey follows Odysseus on his long journey home. The Epic also includes the stories of Odysseus’ family left behind: the travels of his son, Telemachus, and how plenty, of what we would now call â€Å"home wreckers†, suitors pressured his wife, Penelope, into marrying one of them. The characters are beautifully crafted and the story is truly epic. All the elements presented can bring in any reader from any century, the Cyclops, the Gods, the trickery of Penelope, and the disguisesRead MoreTheme Of Violence In The Odyssey1025 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey by Homer is a literary classic that presents many themes about the natures of both man and god. Although the characters of the book display characteristics relatable to those of the people today, one of the most prevalent differences between the two eras and their people is the intense violence that takes place throughout the entirety of the epic. This violence serves several functions in the work as a whole. The violence that is enacted upon the characters of The Odyssey serve as aRead MoreEssay on Odysseus as Pawn of the Gods in Homers Odyssey1663 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus as Pawn of the Gods in The Odyssey   Ã‚   Throughout literature characters have relied upon entities greater then themselves to furnish them with aid as they meet the many challenges they must face. The Odyssey is a tale of Odysseus’ epic journey and the many obstacles that bar his return home. But Odysseus is not alone in this struggle and receives aid from many gods, especially the clear-eyed goddess Athena. There are times when Odysseus beseeches the gods for aid, but other times heRead MoreVarying Cultural Structures in Homers The Illiad and The Odyssey1008 Words   |  5 Pagestheir everyday life and the state of their land. Both Hephaestus, in Homer’s Iliad, and Odysseus, in Homer’s The Odyssey, set out to portray the cultures that they saw, yet the cultures and societies varied greatly, from Hephaestus illustrating the highly developed societies of the Greek and their culture; while on the other hand, Odysseus seems baffled by how underdeveloped the Cyclopes land and culture is. Hephaest us and Odysseus seem to have the same understanding what is normal of a culture, societyRead MoreHomer s Odyssey : A Greek Hero940 Words   |  4 PagesHomer’s Odyssey Work Sample Odysseus is not your typical Greek hero. Greek heroes like Achilles and Hercules used purely their physical advantages and enormous strength to overcome their challenges. Odysseus however, in addition to his god-like strength, used his wits and mental horsepower -- which needless to say he had a lot of. This allowed him to get out of some very sticky situations. Odysseus primarily used thought, patience, and clever tricks to overcome obstacles thrown in front of himRead More Loyalty in Homers Odyssey Essay601 Words   |  3 PagesLoyal Relationships in Homers Odyssey Loyalty is heroic. Loyalty is defined as faithfulness or devotion to a person, cause, obligations, or duties. In Homers Odyssey one can see loyalty in many forms. Odysseus is loyal to the gods whom he realized held his life in their hands. Penelope was loyal to Odysseus, while trying not to offend the rude suitors. Telemachus was loyal to a father whom he only knew from the stories he had been told. Time and time again we see loyalty in the strongest senseRead MoreOdysseus : The Hero Of The Story1489 Words   |  6 Pagestheir heroes. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus is considered the hero of the story. While Odysseus does demonstrate some qualities that are not heroic, he is still defined as a hero because of his better, more heroic qualities in which he is far superior in than any other man. The qualities in which define Odysseus as a hero are courage, intelligence, and leadership. In Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus demonstrates the courage to face danger and adversity. When Odysseus and his men meetRead MoreExamples Of Archetypes In The Odyssey890 Words   |  4 Pages Much information can be gained from Homer’s epic,The Odyssey about ancient Greek civilizations and their what they valued morally. The Odyssey has a variety of different archetypes that are still relevant in modern times. The legend of Odyssey has been passed down from poet to poet for five hundred years until finally Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey down somewhere between eight hundred fifty and seven hundred fifty B.C. In Homer’s epic the Odyssey, there are three archetypes that provide insightsRead More Lust in Homers The Odyssey and Aristophanes’ Lysistrata Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesLust in Homers The Odyssey and Aristophanes’ Lysistrata Lust is defined as an intense longing or a sexual desire. It is a common theme in literature; particularly in classic Greek literature. The reason it is so prevalent in literature is that is prevalent in our daily lives. Everyone lusts after something or someone. It is an interesting topic to examine closely, and classic literature is an excellent medium for such an investigation. Two works I have studied, in which lust is a theme, areRead MoreOdysseus : The Perilous Journey In Homers The Odyssey785 Words   |  4 PagesIn Homer’s Epic The Odyssey, Odysseus the main protagonist tells the perilous journey he encountered after departing from Ithaca. Progressively through the story Odysseus finds himself at the hands of mortals and divine beings where he must find a way to return on his path for his kingdom. Odysseus fought many different enemies during his time away from home and for this he is praised by the Phaeacians. However, Odysseus throughout the story makes unwise deci sions which cause his soldiers to lose

Critical Review of Two Academic Papers Free Essays

Critical review of two academic papers about the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development The aim of this essay is to critical review two academic papers relating to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development. The first key writing of Moscardo (2007) Analyzing the role of festivals and events in regional development, focuses on the potential role of festivals and events and explaining how can they contribute to regional development. Another paper, wrote by Wood (2005) Measuring the economic and social impacts of local authority events, focuses on local authority use events in non-tourism regions and the post-industrial town of Blackburn in Lancashire. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Review of Two Academic Papers or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will introduce the different methodological approaches that these two articles used and discuss why these methods suitable for these two papers. It will also discuss other parts of methods the authors used. According to Lancaster( 2009) using different kinds of methodological can make the data more reliable and valid. Focus on the content of these two papers, in the first writing, Moscardo (2007) describes that the study explored 36 case studies and analysis identified 13 themes which connected to the efficiency of festivals and events in regional development. The results of this research, which are analysed by using the qualitative research method, are used to describing how festivals and events can contribute to regional development. They also analysed the factors to the success of events and festivals. Moreover, Eisenhard (1989 cited in Moscardo) provided the main steps in case study analysis. In another article, Wood (2005) uses quantitative method to identified both economic and social impacts of community focused on local authority events. This research using mainly six questionnaires to evaluate two large events on different sides. As it mentioned, the authors used two different types of research methods. One is qualitative method and another one is quantitative method. As noted by Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) there are mainly three distinct differences between qualitative data and quantitative data. First of all, qualitative data is based on through words express meanings and cannot be uantified. In contrast, qualitative data is based on meanings indicated through numbers and that can be counted or measured. Second, qualitative method conducted data from using conceptual model and quantitative method conducted data through using charts and statistics. Third, quantitative research relies mainly on statistical information and numbers, the results are numeri cal. Conversely, qualitative method need analyse longer descriptions instead of numbers. For using qualitative method, the advantages are this method strength is in uncovering more about people’s experience. As qualitative research focuses on small groups, it can be less expensive than quantitative research which may require large groups of participants or expensive measurement tools. There are also have some â€Å"postivist† (Egan 2012) issues with qualitative research, such as subjective, cannot be generalised and it is difficult to determine the validity and reliability of linguistic data. For using quantitative method, it both have positive sides and negative sides too. The advantages are the data is specific, replicable, generaliseable and it is aggregates across multiple subjects and summarizes findings. However, quantitative data may not be as rich as or as detailed as qualitative method and survey may be difficult for some participants, may not provide all the information needed for interpretations of data findings, and the large amounts of data may require more sophisticated analysis approaches (Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou 2007). Back on these two papers, the reason why Moscardo (2007) used qualitative research method is because this study is focused on a specific area about the role that successful events and festivals can play in regional development. It is need information specifically and robust. Due to the purpose of the study, another author Wood (2005) used quantitative research method , which is evaluate two events and develop local people’s attitude to the region. They need widely information to know the general opinions of local authority events. Continuing focus on the different research methods the authors chose. Moscardo (2007) explored 36 case studies and identified 13 themes in content analysis. Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) state that case study research specializes in the understanding of a complex issue or experience in object and can be expanded or added to any known through previous research trengths. Case study highlights a limited number of events or conditions and detailed background analysis of the relationship between them. Elsmore (2012) maintains that case study has many merits. For example, first, it can put people , events and organisations in their both social and historical context. Second, it has a ability to treat the subject as a whole . Third, data collection is very flexible, this strategy permits researchers to adjust their research strategy as the research proceeds. Furthermore, there is on need to generalise to a defined wider population. Moscardo also used Eisenhardt’s (1989) steps in case study analysis, the process as starting from traditional problem definition and construct validation similar to hypothesis testing research. It required specify population, make theoretical and not random sampling. Next, it should combine both qualitative and quantitative methods and overlap data collection to allow investigators to take advantage of emergent themes. Then, analyse cases and across cases and compare findings and similar literature to build internal validity. Lastly, extend and test hypothesis in other samples of case studies. Anderson, Jansen and Velde (2004) indicate that the resultant theory from the Eisenhardt process is grounded enough for application. Wood (2005) developed 6 different questionnaires, it is important because these questionnaires are used to assess economic impacts of authority events and festivals through survey people’s attitude. Cooper, Donohue and Tharenou (2007) report that there are many benefits of questionnaires. The first one is the responses are gathered in a standardised way, so questionnaires are more objective than interviews. Then, questionnaires not only can collect data relatively quick but also can contact a large number of people at a very low price if use telephone or postal. However, in some situations they can take a long time to design and analyse. Moreover, in some cases potential respondents will refuse to take the time to be interviewed or will refuse to answer some specific questions and response rates can be low from postal. In both papers, they chose different method, so the respondents and the numbers of information are different. In Moscardo’s research, he use cases from different countries and a variety kinds of festival and event. About 50 per cent cases were from Australia, approximately all of the case were regular or recurring events. In Wood’s research, the respondents were people and organisations, it surveyed six types, the attitudes to the region before event, event attendees and participants, non-attendees, local business, sponsors, community groups and attitudes to the region after event. The attitude surveys were carried out by telephone interview, and the numbers were selected randomly. Walliman (2011) says that when a sample is selected randomly, then every item in the population has an equal chance of being selected. These two writing were both described literature review in their different sections. According to Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson (2008) literature review is all their own and contribute to knowledge through literature reviews on a specific topic of research activities. They serve as valuable resources for those who want to get overview of the available research in a particular area. Literature review is always done as part of a paper highlighted key issues and related topics, and highlights the influence of conceptual or empirical studies already carried out in the field. To sum up, through comparing the methods used to the impacts of festivals and events to local and regional development in these two papers. It presents that there are mainly three differences between qualitative method and quantitative method. The biggest difference is that qualitative method express meanings through words and quantitative method is based on numbers. In addition, they both have advantages and disadvantages. Due to their different purpose of studies, one of them chose case studies and another chose questionnaires as their research method and explains their positive sides and negative sides. Moscardo (2007) uses case from different countries and in Wood’s research, the respondents were people and organisations and Wood selected the sampling randomly. Finally, the last portion states why need literature review and how it is significant. Above all, a research should be use suitable methods, no matter it is qualitative or quantitative. How to cite Critical Review of Two Academic Papers, Essay examples

Organizational Consulting and Facilitation

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Consulting and Facilitation. Answer: Introduction Change management refers to an approach to achieve transition by using different methods to re-direct utilization of resources. The changes are required for significantly reshaping the organization. There are varieties of tools used by the Organization to reorganize the whole structure. The overall procedure includes various principles and practice to change the organization. Change Management focus on how people and teams affect the organization. Change management includes different disciplines like social and behavioral science and information technology (Todnem, 2005). Change management is however referred as change control process in order to improve the productivity. Managing the changes is considered as an essential activity in an organization. It focuses on people their behavior and ensures effective implementation of change. The essence of an organization is derived by implementing necessary measures. Globalization and constant innovation in technology is increasing the valid ity of change management theory. Various phenomenons like social media and mobile adaptability has revolutionized business and the necessity of change. The improvement in technology has developed the availability related to accountability of knowledge. The information can be easily accessible through media and pressure on management (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). Business environment is facing changes that can be made available according to the necessity. Major and rapid organizational change has helped in developing the organization in an effective manner. Change management includes clear expression for helping organization to communicate alteration. It is necessary to identify the change agent and other people involved in a specific change activities. It is important to analyze involvement of stakeholders in the activity in order to cope up with the change (Hayes, 2014). The purpose of change management is to assess changes occurring in the organization structure. This help in making effective times during the time of indecision and disturbance. The changes in the organization help in effective understanding of changes that required to be implemented for long term sustainability. The report provides an insight regarding the change management theory through different examples. The result and outcomes occurring at the organization need to be evaluated in order to implement changes. In todays business scenario it is necessary to focus on adapting changes so that organizations can attain high level of efficacy. In that situation it is important to develop effective strategies that are necessary to retain results. Thus it is important to implement the strategies in a systematic manner so as to coordinate activities (Cameron and Green, 2015). Importance of Communicating Directly with employees instead of using the normal chain of command Communication put a direct impact on the employee and determines the outcome related to any change. The most effective approach related to organizational change management is executed through proper communication plans. Effective implementation of communication plan helps in attaining the long term benefits. The communication professionals face innumerable problems in meeting the objectives. There is a problem in the organization if messages are not delivered within an appropriate time. It is however recommended that the messages need to be delivered in a right format. Messages communicated to the employees need to be consistent with the organizational change (Karp and Helg, 2008). All the major communication should be executed by the right person. In case of executing a change in an organization it is recommended to introduce changes as per the necessity. With the growing convenience of modern technology it has become necessary that employees need to implement the changes effectivel y. Employees can easily execute the work by the way of communication. Understanding the need for change is the first step in creating an effective organizational culture. In order to drive behavioral changes it is evident in an organization to relate firstly with the overall business and secondly with oneself (Kotter, 2008). In case of implementing changes in an organization it is evident that the individual needs to break-down the normal chain in order to implement changes. Large sized business organizations are focused on developing those activities which are necessary to be focused upon at an initial stage. While implementing the changes it is important to break the regular chain of issuing the commands. The employer has to execute the command by deviating from the regular chain. He directly needs to interact with the employee. It is generally noticed that the employees resist change due to innumerable reason. They are apprehensive about the changes introduced in an organization. So the employer has to break the normal chain for bringing about changes in the organization (Thompson and Martin, 2010). He has to overlook the normal process followed during the course of delegating responsibility. It is necessary for an employer to seek confidence in employees so that a change can be well implemented. It i s highly recommended in an organization that they should follow an effective planning mechanism. This process is effective in case an organization wants to introduce some change. The senior officials need to break the proper hierarchy in order to provide instructions. This is highly effective for an organization to attain high degree of results (Ford, Ford and D'Amelio, 2008). In case Of Shell, the company was facing high loss in 2004 due to oil reserves crisis that knocked its share price. A series of global standardized process highly put an impact on 80 operating units of Shell. The Change management programme was for successful implementation of policies. In such a tough scenario it is important for the management to undertake the activity to implement. In order to imply the long term efficiency the change manager needs to guarantee the growth by making an effective decision. Changes are vital for an organization in order to survive in the market. This is necessary for an indivi dual to develop activities that are important to attain sustainable objectives. Shell introduced various change management programme in order to compete against others. In such a competitive atmosphere it is necessary for Shell to develop cohesive planning so that they can adopt the atmosphere (Kotter, 2008). Change management practitioners are not best people to manage resistance with employees It is generally being observed that people generally resist against the changes being introduced in an organization. It is generally being observed that people are not ready to adopt the changes. They often resist implicating changes in the daily routine. In such a tough situation the change manager has to take serious measures to improve the overall productivity. This is however important to implement a change through a systematic procedure. Thus it is necessary for an individual to develop efficient activities it orders to adopt changes. This is evident from the situation that the changes are introduced by different people working in the organization. This is evident that it is not necessary that the Change management Practioner is not the best one to manage the changes in the organization. It is seen that the employees have a negative mindset regarding the changes. They consistently go against the changes occurring in the organization (Aiken and Keller, 2009). Change is always good for the organization but unfortunately most of the employees in the organization respond negatively towards the change taking place in the organization. The companies need to understand that the employees mindset as well. In a company it is the manager and the advisor who introduces the change. They need to be an agent of change to attain effective results. People do prefer stability on a long run and resist adapting changes. Unfortunately most of the employees do not respond positively towards the change. It takes lot of efforts for a manager to implement the change in order to attain stability. It is much easier for an individual to live in his comfort zone (Paton and McCalman, 2008). Over the past few years changes has become a norm in the global business scenario. This is necessary that the organization should establish effective policies so as to develop efficient results. The decision regarding the changes is taken by the C-Level management. It is importan t to bring changes in order to attain concrete results. Employees who resist change can cause difficulty in managing the overall goals. Certainly at times employees do not want to incorporate changes. This is due to their behavior to resist changes in normal course of business (Doppelt, 2009). Communication is an efficient tool that helps in resolving the issues occurring at all the level. Employees need to be trained in a manner that they adopt a particular change so as to guarantee long term goals. Poor communication poses challenges for the management in order to adopt efficient changes. This is necessary for an individual to develop activities that are important for coordinating the activities in order to earn long term efficacy. It depends upon the Change agent to introduce changes in a manner that help in understanding the development. This is however important for an individual to develop activities that are important to meet desired results. Communication helps in gaining trust in the employees by embarking relevant changes in the organization (Trkman, 2010). This is important for an organization to introduce effective changes by gaining trust in the employees. It is necessary to gain faith in people working in the organization so as to understand the changes. Ther e is lack of trust in the employees while introducing a change into an organization. The employer has to execute the command by deviating from the regular chain. He directly needs to interact with the employee. It is generally noticed that the employees resist change due to innumerable reason. It is generally witnessed that the employees resist towards the change due to ineffective decision making (Jeston and Nelis, 2014). The change-agent is generally disliked by the people working in the organization due to his role. It is necessary in an organization to introduce changes by meeting the necessities of individual employee. The change management theory particularly focuses on introducing changes in a systematic manner. It is necessary for an individual to develop trust by introducing a change in transitions (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). This will not only help in developing effective results but will ensure easy adaptability. Forced changes adversely affect an organization. An organization big or small has to implement changes in an efficient manner in order to attain efficacy. This is important for an organization to implement changes in a focused manner so as to deliver effective result (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2010). Team managers are mostly disliked by the team due to their role as a change agent. They are the one who has to introduce change. It is recommended that they should focus on adopting an efficient and systematic work-procedure that guarantees success. The organization needs to understand importance of bringing changes through procedural manner. This is important for an individual to introduce changes in order to attain desired results. In a company it is the manager and the advisor who introduces the change (McShane and Von Glinow, 2011). Thus it is important for an individual to develop a smooth platform to adopt transition. A change bluntly introduced in an organization causes disturbance in attaining goals. This is important for an organization to develop group activities in a manner that help in attaining effective result. Those organizations which do not form proper planning fail to implement changes in their working process. The employer has to break the normal chain for bringing about changes in the organization. He has to overlook the normal process followed during the course of delegating responsibility (Colquitt, Lepine and Wesson, 2011). Designers of the change are often worst at managing the people side of same change The one who design the change seldom fails to implement the change in an efficient manner. There can be a possibility when an individual is not ready to adopt the changes in an appropriate manner. This is necessary for designers to develop change in a manner that the employees are ready to incorporate it in their life. Ineffective implementation of changes highly affects the growth of an organization. This is evident that it is difficult for an individual to manage changes in a proper manner (Pinder, 2014). This is due to the reason that people do not accept the changes in an easy manner. They are reluctant towards the changes introduced in an organization. It is therefore important to bring changes by the way it doesnt wrongly impact the individual. This is necessary for an individual to develop activities in a way it improves the overall productivity (Nelson and Cooper, 2007). Changes are generally introduced at different stages due to difference in adaptability. Every individual is having a different attitude towards handling a problem. This is evident that the managers have to bear the consequences at the time when a change is being introduced. There is a necessity that the managers need to develop an efficient activity so that the employees adopt the changes in a proper manner. The changes are generally incorporated in a well manner only if planning is done in an effective manner (Miner, 2015). Thus it is important for the individual to develop effective plan to implement changes at the grass root level. It is important to develop those activities that help in implementing the changes in a productive manner. This is necessary that the organizations are facing problems in implementing the proper solution. This is effective in case if a change in implemented in a large size business organization. The adaptability to change directly depends upon the abilit y of manager to implement changes in the organization. People generally observe the change agent as a negative figure. They generally consider him as the reason behind the change. This is important for an individual to develop activities in order to attain efficacy at work by the individual. On a long run it is seen that the individual doesnt feel secure in adapting the change. The change designers need to efficiently manage the changes that are necessary to be implemented. This is important that the organizations have to develop effective activities that will help in undertaking various tasks in order to attain desired results (Robbins and Judge, 2012). The efficiency can only be developed if the organizations have maintained proper results on a long run so that they can attain distinguished results. It is evident from the current scenario that it is necessary that organization need to develop change management cycle in order to manage the organization in an appropriate manner. It is important for an organization to organize the resources in the most appropriate manner. This is important to develop activities that need to be developed in order to attain efficiency. It is important for an individual to introduce activities that need to be managed in order to attain results in a better manner (DuBrin, 2013). Supervisors and managers prefer communicators rather than Project manager The supervisor and manager need a communicator who has to inform people about the changes taking place in the organization. Changes need to be applied that require efficient communicator. The large sized organizations need to develop activities that are appropriate for them. Changes are inevitable in nature. It is seen that Changes can only be implemented in the framework if the organization communicate in a proper manner regarding the changes (Hogg and Terry, 2014). Thus it is necessary that the organizations have to prefer a communication medium through which they can communicate. It is generally seen that the organization follows written form of communication to distribute information regarding the change. Written form of communication is an official mean through which information is given to the other party. This is therefore communicator has to understand the mentality of the people so as to implement the changes in the organization (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2014). The organization has to find out the most appropriate manner so that the employees can earn efficient results. This will not only help in developing effective results but will ensure easy adaptability. It is the necessity in the organization that it has to communicate the appropriate changes in a systematic manner. Transitions are introduced in an organization through an appropriate medium. It is necessary that the organization should introduce changes in a manner that allow the organization to attain desired results. This is however important for an individual to develop activities that are important to meet desired results. Change management is a useful mode through which an organization can attain desired result. Multinational companies organize the resources in an appropriate manner by organizing the factors in a proper way. This will help the organization to attain desire results (Jones, 2010). Background conversations and the rumor carry more weight than "official" communications It is generally seen that the employees are generally influence by the rumors taking place behind the organization. The employees are mostly affected by the rumors taking place behind the organization. Results can only be attained if the organization tries to restrict rumors. These rumors highly affect the productivity in the organization. The official communication arrives at a later stage. Hence it is necessary that the organization need to introduce changes by replacing the rumors in an efficient way (Slocumand Hellriegel, 2009). It is the duty of the manager to introduce the changes in an appropriate manner so that the desired results can be attained. It is the general procedure adopted by the organization that the organization is more prone to rumors taking place in the surrounding. The employees are mostly affected by the rumors happening inside the organization... They do listen to those rumors which affect the internal productivity. It is necessary that the organization must try to restrict improper communication within. Over the past few years changes has become a norm in the global business scenario. This is necessary that the organization should establish effective policies so as to develop efficient results. This is necessary that poor communication process in the organization hamper the overall growth of the organization. It is necessary that the organizations need to develop a strong internal atmosphere that helps in focusing on desired results. The organization these days are undergoing changes in a frequent way. It is necessary that the organizations have to develop a formal chain of organization so that they appropriately provide decisions. In an organization it is however necessary that the information need to be transmitted in a proper manner. Thus it is recommended that the organizations have to develop activities that will help in adopting desired outcome (Barling, Clegg. and Cooper, 2008). Employees resist change, even when the change is a "good" idea It is the generally seen that human behavior is subject to fluctuation. They generally resist changes taking place in the organization. No matter what the change is it is human nature that they resist changes taking place in the organization. It is difficult for an individual to adopt changes in an efficient manner. They are not ready to adopt the changes in the normal course of business. Managing the changes is considered as an essential activity in an organization. It focuses on people their behavior and ensures effective implementation of change. This is important that the organization need to adopt appropriate model introduced by various authors so that they can accept the changes in an easy manner. It is necessary that the changes need to be introduced in a normal manner. The organization who forcefully introduces changes is not able to succeed in achieving the targets. It is important that the changes need to be introduced through a manner that they do not oppose change. It is recommended that the organization must conduct proper trial in order to attain high level of efficacy. The organization can attain results only if they follow leading example of change management. Many organizations fail to adopt the changes in the normal course of business due to their behavior (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2010). Conclusion It is recommended that the organization need to adopt a proper change management theories in order to attain desired results. The organization must focus on the past example to implicate effective change management theories. It is evident that the organization is failing due to their highly ignorant nature. Majority of organizations earn success due to proper implementation of the change management theories. Changes are vital for an organization in order to survive in the market. It is important for an individual to understand that the changes are important for growth. It is necessary that the organization should take example from the famous companies who have appropriately introduced changes in their organization. It is general human tendency to resist but however it is the duty of the manager to introduce changes in an appropriate manner so that they can earn desired results. Employees can easily execute the work by the way of communication. Understanding the need for change is the first step in creating an effective organizational culture. The report includes the importance of change management in an organization and why it is recommended to introduce change in an appropriate manner. References Aiken, C. and Keller, S., 2009. The irrational side of change management.McKinsey Quarterly,2(10), pp.100-109. Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010.Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Barling, J., Clegg, S.R. and Cooper, C.L. eds., 2008.The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Volume Two: Macro Approaches(Vol. 2). Sage. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Colquitt, J., Lepine, J.A. and Wesson, M.J., 2011.Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin. De Wit, B. and Meyer, R., 2010.Strategy: Process, content, context. Cengage Learning EMEA. Doppelt, B., 2009.Leading Change Toward Sustainability-: A Change-Management Guide for Business, Government and Civil Society. Greenleaf Publishing. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Ford, J.D., Ford, L.W. and D'Amelio, A., 2008. Resistance to change: The rest of the story.Academy of management Review,33(2), pp.362-377. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hogg, M.A. and Terry, D.J. eds., 2014.Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D.A., 2010.Organizational behaviour. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Jones, G.R., 2010. Organizational theory, design, and change. Karp, T. and Helg?, T.I., 2008. From change management to change leadership: Embracing chaotic change in public service organizations.Journal of change management,8(1), pp.85-96. Kotter, J.P., 2008.Force for change: How leadership differs from management. Simon and Schuster. Kotter, J.P., 2008.Force for change: How leadership differs from management. Simon and Schuster. McShane, S. and Von Glinow, M., 2011.M: Organizational behavior. Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Nelson, D. and Cooper, C.L. eds., 2007.Positive organizational behavior. Sage. Paton, R.A. and McCalman, J., 2008.Change management: A guide to effective implementation. Sage. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2012.Essentials of organizational behavior. Essex: Pearson. Slocum, J.W. and Hellriegel, D., 2009.Principles of organizational behavior. South-Western Cengage Learning. Thompson, J.L. and Martin, F., 2010.Strategic management: awareness change. Cengage Learning EMEA. Todnem By, R., 2005. Organisational change management: A critical review.Journal of change management,5(4), pp.369-380. Trkman, P., 2010. The critical success factors of business process management.International journal of information management,30(2), pp.125-134. Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014.Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

In a world that does not know pain. Devoid of colo Essays

In a world that does not know pain. Devoid of colour, where everything is the same. The Giver by Lois Lowrey is a 1993 dystopian novel, which has truly changed my perspective on many things in my life. The plot follows Jonas - A unique character, in a society where sameness governs over individuality. He alone was chosen to be the receiver of memories, a burden that involves absorbing all the memories of the past including peace, war and colour with which he successfully criticises their social framework. Through Lowrey's exploration of memory's importance and individuality, I was profoundly enlightened with the discovery that our experiences, successes and failures are what make us who we are today; and looking at the big picture, how our history has shaped humanity itself. Lowrey explores the importance of memory through the Giver, which has allowed me to discover the notion that knowledge of the past influences our decisions in the present. During the beginning of Jonas' training, the Giver explains the importance of memory so that society does not make the same mistakes again. The Giver's personification "It is how wisdom comes" enlivens the knowledge of humanity's past errors, portraying the effect of past experiences on the present. The giver further goes on to explain how this "wisdom" is "how we shape our future", a metaphorical comparison of our future to something physically malleable. Thus uniquely revealing to us how the past influences our present decisions, and how these decisions are what help us "shape our future". This scene powerfully revealed to me that our future is in our hands and that my decisions are what will determine, my destiny. The novel, The Giver, also illustrates the value of individuality in a society of conformity and sameness, challenging my mentality of taking my rights for granted. As Jonas begins to absorb the memories of colour during his training, the freedoms that were relinquished by society were revealed to him. Jonas vents "If everything's the same, then there aren't any choices! I want to wake up in the morning and decide things! Jonas' use of imperative tone, demonstrates his passionate longing for individual freedom and choice that he has never known under an oppressive regime as these decisions are usually predetermined by others. The scene also urges us to critique the conditions we live under, just as Jonas questions his own in order secure and maintain our freedom of expression that we so often take for granted, and make our society a better place. Through this exploration Lowry attempts to inform the audience of the dangers that exist when people opt for conformity over individuality and furthermore make me better value the freedoms that I have. In summary, the exploration of the importance memory and its relevance in making decisions in the present, has revealed to me that my memories are what shape me as a person. The value of individuality highlighted in the novel urged me to appreciate my unique characteristics and the freedoms that I exercise. The Giver by Lois Lowrey, an exceptionally intriguing book indeed, a novel that has truly changed me.

T.S. Eliot Biography essays

T.S. Eliot Biography essays Thomas Stearns Eliot was born on September 26, 1888, in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the seventh and last child of Henry Ware Eliot, a brick manufacturer, and Charlotte Eliot, who was a talented poet in his own right. Both parents were descendent from families in England that immigrated to Massachusetts in the seventeenth century. William Greenleaf Eliot, Eliots grandfather, moved to St. Louis after he graduated from Harvard in the 1830s. There he became a Unitarian minister, but the connection to New England was maintained through the familys summer home on the Atlantic coast in Gloucester, Massachusetts. During his childhood Eliot attended Miss Lockes Primary School and Smithy Academy in St. Louis. His first poems appeared in the Smith Academy Record in 1905, the year of his graduation. In the year after that he attended Milton academy and then entered into Harvard University. He frequently published in the Harvard Advocate and took courses with professors such as Paul Elmer More and Irving Babbitt. In 1909 Eliot received his B.A. and stayed in Harvard to earn his masters degree in English literature, which he received the following year. The fall of 1910 is when he spent a year in Paris writing, reading, soaking up the atmosphere and attending classes at the Sorbonne. When he returned to America, he went back to Harvard to continue his studies in philosophy and also serve as a teaching assistant. After being awarded a traveling fellowship for the year of 1914-1915, he had planed to study in Germany, but the start of World War I forced him to leave the country early. Eliot would find himself in England where he would spend the remaining years of his life. In England he met Ezra Pound, on September 22, 1914, who would exert a great amount of influence into his work and his literary career. The next year Eliot would marry Vivien Haigh-Wood on June 26, 1915, after knowing each other for two mon...

Discussion about the Apple Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion about the Apple - Research Paper Example However, it must also be noted that Apple Inc. seeks to manage the supply and demand of their products by only producing a certain level of initial offerings as a means of stirring up a greater level of interest and support among potential clients. The firm has determined that it is more profitable to encourage individuals with an understanding that the exclusivity of the product in its entry phase is part of the overall appeal. Lastly, with regards to how the US government impacts upon a company such as Apple, it can be said that the relatively high levels of taxation that exist within the United States in conjunction with the exponentially higher labor costs have encouraged Apple to seek out third-party nations to assemble and partially developed their products. Although the ethics of this remaining question, the role and extent to which the United States government has acted in encouraging firms such as Apple to seek out the highest level of profitability possible is measurable in such a

Concepts in Homeland Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concepts in Homeland Security - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that partnership between DHS and FBI is important to promote a â€Å"whole community† approach to ensure that every nook and corner of the homeland is safe. The partnership between DHS and FBI and many other agencies enhance the preparedness against low predictability events. This is why professionals in FBI raid jackets can be seen at every other terrorism event despite the fact that DHS is the primary homeland security agency. â€Å"Black Swan† means such a disastrous event whose predictability is very low and its consequences are extremely catastrophic. The disastrous outcomes are high. Some good examples include terrorist attacks, natural and environmental disasters of high scale, and economic failures. The terrorist attack of 9/11 was a big Black Swan event in the history of US because of its zero predictability and high catastrophic outcomes. It was a terrorist attack which could not be anticipated, and thus, preparedness was zero and zilch. So, Black Swan is related to preparedness in a sense that it helps security agencies take measures to implement such classical risk assessment and management policies that help us sort out some of the most predictable events. We can ask ourselves questions, like how predictable is a disaster? What kinds of disasters have been occurring in the neighborhoods or cities in the past? What are the chances that the disaster will become a major event? What can be the level of damage? How much will be the cost for rehabilitation? How will resilience be ensured? What plans and actions can be taken to avoid or deal with such a disaster? These questions will lead us toward preparedness.

Summarizing and Paraphrasing Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarizing and Paraphrasing Activity - Essay Example In understanding the case, despite unanimous support from the protestors, only Johnson was identified for criminal proceedings and found guilty by the court. The amendment of the 1968 statute to make it neutral by passing the Flag Protection Act of 1989', Congress had manipulated the First Amendment to its advantage. Johnson was charged under the desecration of a venerated object in violation of Texas Penal Code Ann. Sec. 42.09 (a) (3) (1989). When he went on appeal against this verdict in the Court of Appeals for the Fifth District of Texas at Dallas, the court affirmed Johnson's conviction. The matter was taken to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which reversed the judgment stating that the State could not, consistent with the First Amendment, punish Johnson for burning the flag in these circumstances (Thomas-Library of Congress, http://thomas.loc.gov- Thomas) Fast food has been a bane on American society. The craze for fast food has only added to the worries of the US Health Department. Obese is a curse on society. With more and more outlets attracting the various strata of society, health related problems have been eating into the national coffer.

Analysing Helicopter Landing Gear

Analysing Helicopter Landing Gear The Landing gear, an important part of a helicopter, assists the helicopter to land. So, when the helicopter is in land condition, the landing gear should withstand the whole weight of the helicopter. Apart from this, it should also withstand the thrust while landing operation is on. The landing gear of a helicopter can be of three types: Skid type Wheel type The skid type landing gear is the simplest one and cheaper to manufacture. Some skids allow the helicopter to land even on water. If the helicopter need to land on hard surfaces (like runway) regularly, then some special kinds of shoe need to be attached to the skid. The shoe can be replaced upon wearing. The most commercial helicopter has the skid type landing gear. The wheel type landing gear is little complicated and costlier as compared to the skid types but the wheel type landing gear gives easier ground handling and advantageous while rough and crush landing. In our case, we have to design a landing gear suitable for landing on an air craft carrier. The landing condition can become really bad due to the vertical motion of the aircraft carrier. Considering this severe landing condition I have chosen to go ahead with the wheel type landing gear for this assignment. I have used ADAMS/View for creating the design models, ADAMS/Vibration for running the vibration analysis and ADAMS post processing for analyzing and plotting the results. Design of Landing Gear Mechanism Research on Existing Landing Gear From the earlier days of the aviation history, many concepts of the landing gears are used. I will explain few of them here: Landing gear with leaf springs: The uses of aluminum leaf springs are possible for the very light weight helicopter (around 300kg). The design looks attractive. Fig.1: Showing the concept of aluminum spring landing gear The concept of the heavy duty composite leaf spring is being experimented by some of the commercial aircraft manufacturer including AIRBUS. The main advantage of leaf spring concept is its reduced part count. Landing gear with shock absorber: Most commercial applications use shock absorbers for the design of the landing gears. Fig.2: Showing a typical shock absorber based landing gear design Based on the numbers and the positions of the tires, this type of landing gears are typically classified in nine configurations as shown in the below figure (fig.3). Fig.3: Showing classifications of shock based landing gear I have used the Twin configuration of tires for each of the landing gears and used total of three landing gears in my final design. However, before selecting the final design, I have studied one concept with two twin configuration landing gears at rear and one single configuration landing gear at front as well. Design Inputs Few of the design inputs were given along with the assignment and for others, either I googled out from the manufacturers specifications or assumed. All together I have used the following design inputs: Weight of the helicopter = 5126 Kg Length of the helicopter = 15.16 m Spacing between the two rear landing gear = 2.5 m Spacing between the front and the rear landing gear = 5 m Youngs modulus of steel = 2.7E11 N/m2 Density of steel = 7801 kg/m3 Poissons ratio of steel = 0.29 Youngs modulus of rubber = 5E6N/m2 Density of steel = 1100 kg/m3 Poissons ratio of steel = 0.3 Possible design options After doing the preliminary study of the existing available designs, two aspects had come to my mind before proceeding further: one, covering all the assignment tasks and two, simplicity. I was looking for coming out few design concepts, which are good enough to cover all the assignment tasks and simple enough to finish the assignment in time. And I came out with the following two concepts: Design option -1: In this concept, I have used two twin-configured rear landing gears and one single-configured front landing gear. Fig.4: Showing a real life example of the Design option-1 The three landing gears (one front and two rears) are connected to a triangular top frame made up of steel. The top steel frame in turn is bolted with the fuselage. Design option-2: In the second concept, I have used three twin landing gears. One, in front and two are at rear. Please not that I have used two wheels (twin) in front (in design option-1, I have used a single nose wheel in front). The three landing gears are connected with the triangular top frame. The top frame is bolted with the fuselage. Creations of the ADAM models ADAMS is a tool, develop by MSC and used extensively for simulating different types of mechanisms. It has different modules, out of which I have used the ADAMS/View here. I also used the ADAMS Vibration plug-in for simulating the action of the ocean waves on the stationary helicopter on the aircraft carrier. I have used the block option for creating the base (aircraft carrier platform), torus option for creating the wheels , the link option to create the axels, cylinder option to create the top frame (which will be bolted to the fuselage) and the spring option for creating the shock absorber springs . Also, I have made used of the options like point, contacts, joint, force, input channel and output channel. How? I will explain in details little later, while explaining each of the design concepts separately. Fig.5: Showing MSC ADAMS tools ADAMS model for the design option-1 Start ADAMS/View. In the main toolbox right click the Rigid body and click the Point to create the points each at the wheel centers, at the three vertex of the frame, at the top left corner of the base. Again in the main tool box, right click the Rigid body bar and click the Box to create the base. Click on the Torus of the Rigid Body bar to create all the five wheels. Click on the Link of the rigid body bar to create the three axels. Click on the Cylinder of the Rigid body bar to create all the three sides of the top frame. Use the Merge two bodies of the rigid body bar to merge all the three sides of the top frame into one. Under Joint bar, select Revolute to connect the wheels with the respective axels. Under Forces bar, select Translational Spring-Damper to connect the axels and the respective vertices of the triangular top frame. Create sliding joints between the base and back ground and between the top frame and back ground. Under Forces bar, select Contact to create the contact between the wheels and base. Finally, the design option-1 ADAMS model should look like below: Fig.6: showing the ADAMS model of design option-1 ADAMS model for the design option-2 Following the similar procedure as described for creating the ADAMS model for design option-1, I have created the Design option-2 (with twin in front). The ADAMS model of the design option-2 looks like below: Fig.7: Showing the ADAMS model of design option-2 Comparisons of the design options After finishing the ADAMS model for both the design concepts, I run the Normal landing analysis on both design option models. The data used for the Normal landing analysis for both the design options are as below: Vertical descent speed of the top frame = 0.5 m/sec Vertical upward speed of the base = 0 m/sec Spring Stiffness coefficient= 30 N/mm Spring damping coefficient =1 Ns/mm Spring preload = 17000 N I got the following results: Fig.8: Showing the acceleration plot of the top triangular frame for Design option-1 and the Design option-2. The above plot (fig.8) is showing that the acceleration of the top frame for the design option-1 is higher than that for the design option-2. Fig.9: Showing the Z-direction reaction force plot of the joint between the top frame and the back ground (space) for Design option-1 and the Design option-2. The above plot (fig.9) is showing that the design concept-1 is producing lots of Z- direction force, the force that can affect the stability of the helicopter. So, on the basis of the above analysis, I have chosen the Design option-2 for further study. Results and Calculations Spring Calculations Sprung mass = 5126 kg Maximum acceptable acceleration = 0.3 m/s2 Preload on each spring = 5126*(9.81+0.3)/3 = 17274 N Dynamic Analysis Results Normal landing Normal landing analysis is performed based on the following conditions: Vertical descent speed of the top frame = 0.5 m/sec Vertical upward speed of the base = 0 m/sec Spring Stiffness coefficient= 30 N/mm, 50 N/mm, 70 N/mm Spring damping coefficient =1 Ns/mm Spring preload = 17274 N Fig.10: Showing normal landing analysis of the design option-2 for different spring rate Hard landing Hard landing analysis is performed based on the following conditions: Vertical descent speed of the top frame = 3 m/sec Vertical upward speed of the base = 3 m/sec Spring Stiffness coefficient= 30 N/mm, 50 N/mm, 70 N/mm Spring damping coefficient =1 Ns/mm Spring preload = 17274 N Fig.11: Showing hard landing analysis of the design option-2 for different spring rate Crush landing Crush landing analysis is performed based on the following conditions: Vertical approach speed of the top frame = 15 m/sec Vertical upward speed of the base = 0 m/sec Spring Stiffness coefficient= 30 N/mm, 50 N/mm, 70 N/mm Spring damping coefficient =1 Ns/mm Spring preload = 17274 N Fig.12: Showing crush landing analysis of the design option-2 for different spring rate The acceptance criteria of the above analysis are as follow: Normal landing: Minimum acceleration Hard landing: 50 m/sec2 Crush landing: 300 m/sec2 In order to fulfill all the acceptance criteria, I have chosen the spring stiffness as 30 N/mm and proceed further for the vibration analysis. Vibration Analysis Results Fig.13: Showing frequency response of the design option-2 The pick of the frequency response curve is indicating the resonance frequency, which is around 2.5 Hz for our case. Fig.14: Showing PSD plot of the design option-2 The above plot is showing the transmitted power from all the inputs used in the analysis as a function of the frequency. Again, the pick (2.5 Hz) is showing the resonating frequency here. Discussion Task 1 For the Task-1 , I have developed two design options (as shown in section 3.1 and 3.2) and compare the two design options on the basis of normal landing analysis (section 3.3). The result has shown that the design option-2 is better in terms of acceleration and z-direction reaction force. Hence I have selected the design option-2 for the further study. Task 2 For the task-2 , I have run the normal, hard and crush landing analysis (section 4.2) on the design option-2 for different spring stiffness and choose the best spring stiffness to ensure that all the acceptance criteria is met. Task 3 For Task-3, I run the vibration analysis for the design option-2 (section-4.3) and find out the resonating frequency for the mechanism on response to the sea wave. Task 4 For the task-4, I have discussed (section 3) how I have used the ADAMS/View for creating the ADAMS model and also, I have discussed how I simulate the mechanism. Conclusion The emphasis is given to come out with a simple but reasonably good landing gear mechanism, which will be able to pass all the test conditions specified in the assignment. The hand calculations are used for selecting the spring preload however, the selection of the spring stiffness is done on the basis of hit and trial. ADAMS/View and ADAMS Vibration plug-in are used for the whole analysis for getting the quick and easily interpretable results. I believe that the design of the mechanism can be further improved by incorporating the torsion springs along with the compression springs.

Isolation in Brave New World Essay -- Brave New World

Isolation in Brave New World    "If one's different, one's bound to be lonely."   -John "The Savage" In the Brave New World, people who are different from the normal standard are alienated and isolated from society because of their individuality. The society of the Brave New World is structured and ordered – the government attempts to control everything. Alienation in the Brave New World can be categorized into three areas, appearance, intellect, and morals.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bernard Marx was alienated in the Brave New World because of his general appearance. As an Alpha Plus, Bernard was unusually short and ugly. Suggested by Fanny, Bernard's condition resulted from an error when he was still in a bottle, the workers "thought he was a Gamma and put alcohol into his blood surrogate." Bernard did not fit in the structured order of the Brave New World and was therefore shunned by others. The error resulted in Bernard developing outside the barriers of his caste level. His ugliness and short stature led Bernard to become a perpetual outsider, alienated by society. As an outsider, Bernard was cynical of the order and structure of the Brave New World. He eschewed Electric Golf, and other social amusements in favor of loneliness and solidarity activities, such as, thinking. Bernard attempted to find a way "to be happy in some other way," in his own way, not the established way.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to alienation because of appearance, alienation can result from extreme intellect, or exceptional gifts of talent. Helmholtz Watson, an emotional engineer, was "a little too able" in his work. As Bernard was isolated from a physical defect, Helmholtz was isolated from mental excess. Despite being an "Escalato... ...re different and attempts to either ridicule, exemplify, or ignore them. In the Brave New World, society aims to preserve the homologous nature of living. With strict rules, crowd mentality and community actives the Brave New World attempts to get rid of the individual. Hypnopedia messages such as "When the individual feels, the community reels," and "Everybody belongs to everyone else," the Brave New World attempts to diminish the value of individuality and seeks instead to promote the idea of society first. Bernard, Helmholtz, and John are the few individuals of the Brave New World. They differ from the rest of society, because they recognize their uniqueness and realize that they are apart from society. It is because of their self-realization of their individuality that they are condemned to be ostracized from society and to live outside the Brave New World.   

Literature Review Essay

They warned the investors not to buy unlisted shares, as Stock Exchanges do not permit trading in unlisted shares. Another rule that they specify is not to buy inactive shares, ie, shares in which transactions take place rarely. Themain reason why shares are inactive is because there are no buyers forthem. They are mostly shares of companies, which are not doing well. A third rule according to them is not to buy shares in closely-held companies because these shares tend to be less active than those of widely held ones since they have a fewer number of shareholders. They caution not to hold the shares for a long period, expecting a high price, but to sell whenever one earns a reasonable reward. Jack Clark Francis (1986) revealed the importance of the rate of return in investments and reviewed the possibility of default and bankruptcy risk. He opined that in an uncertain world, investors cannot predict exactly what rate of return an investment will yield. However he suggested that the investors can formulate a probability distribution of the possible rates of return. He also opined that an investor who purchases corporate securities must face the possibility of default and bankruptcy by the issuer. Financial analysts can foresee bankruptcy. He disclosed some easily observable warnings of a firm’s failure, which could be noticed by the investors to avoid such a risk. Preethi Singh3(1986) disclosed the basic rules for selecting the company to invest in. She opined that understanding and measuring return m d risk is fundamental to the investment process. According to her, most investors are ‘risk averse’. To have a higher return theinvestor has to face greater risks. She concludes that risk is fundamental to the process of investment. Every investor should have an understanding of the various pitfalls of investments. The investor should carefully analyse the financial statements with special reference to solvency, profitability, EPS, and efficiency of the company. David. L. Scott and William Edward4 (1990) reviewed the important risks of owning common stocks and the ways to minimise these risks. They commented that the severity of financial risk depends on how heavily a business relies on debt. Financial risk is relatively easy to minimise if an investor sticks to the common stocks of companies that employ small amounts of debt. They suggested that a relatively easy way to ensure some degree of liquidity is to restrict investment in stocks having a history of adequate trading volume. Investors concerned about business risk can reduce it by selecting common stocks of firms that are diversified in several unrelated industries. Lewis Mandells (1992) reviewed the nature of market risk, which according to him is very much ‘global’. He revealed that certain risks that are so global that they affect the entire investment market. Even the stocks and bonds of the well-managed companies face market risk. He concluded that market risk is influenced by factors that cannot be predicted accurately like economic conditions, political events, mass psychological factors, etc. Market risk is the systemic risk that affects all securities simultaneously and it cannot be reduced through diversification Nabhi Kumar Jain (1992) specified certain tips for buyingshares for holding and also for selling shares. He advised the investors to buy shares of a growing company of a growing industry. Buy shares by diversifying in a number of growth companies operating in a different but equally fast growing sector of the economy. He suggested selling the shares the moment company has or almost reached the peak of its growth. Also, sell the shares the moment you realise you have made a mistake in the initial selection of the shares. The only option to decide when to buy and sell high priced shares is to identify the individual merit or demerit of each of the shares in the portfolio and arrive at a decision. Carter Randal (1992) offered to investors the underlying principles of winning on the stock market. He emphasised on long-term vision and a plan to reach the goals. He advised the investors that to be successful, they should never be pessimists. He revealed thatthough there has been a major economic crisis almost every year, it remains true that patient investors have consistently made money in the equities market. He concluded that investing in the stock market should be an un-emotional endeavour and suggested that investors should own a stock if they believe it would perform well. S. Rajagopal. (1996) commented on risk management in relation to banks. He opined that good risk management is good banking. A professional approach to Risk Management will safeguard the interests of the banking institution in the long run. He described risk identification as an art of combining intuition with formal information. And risk measurement is the estimation of the size, probability and timing of a potential loss under various scenarios. Charles. P. Jonesl8 (1996) reviewed how to estimate security return and risk. To estimate returns, the investors must estimate cash flows the securities are likely to provide. Also, investors must be able to quantify and measure risk using variance or standard deviation. Variance or standard deviation is the accepted measure of variability for both realised returns and expected returns. He suggested that the investors should use it as the situation dictates. He revealed that over the past 12 years, returns in stocks,bonds, etc. have been normal. Blue chip stocks have returned an average of more than 16% per year. He warned that the investors who believe that these rates will continue in the future also, will be in trouble. He also warned the investors not to allow themselves to become victimised by â€Å"investment gurus†. Rukmani Viswanath (2001) reported that the Primary Dealers in Govt. securities are working on a new internal risk management model suited for the Indian market conditions. Theattempt is to lay down general parameters for risk perception. The Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) is formulating a set of prudential norms for ‘risk management practices’. While internationally the principles of risk management may be the same everywhere, the Association is of the view that they have to identify the relevant issues and apply those principles in the Indian context. It strongly argues that it must work on a model that can help to manage liquidity and interest rate risk. While the existing RBI guidelines on risk management cover mainly statutory risk, the PDAI hopes that its new risk management model will be able to perceive ‘real risk’. These new norms are expected to help gauge several issues like, whether a fall in the prices of securities or yields is a temporary or permanent situation etc. The areas the new norms are likely to address are the assessment of the liquidity situation and envisaging investor appetite for a specific instrument and their appetite for risk. According to thegovt. securities dealers, these norms are expected to help them hedge. FOOTNOTES 1. Grewal and Navjot Grewal, Profitable lnvestment in shares, Vision Books Pvt. Ltd. 36 Connaught Place, New Delhi 1984. 2. Jack Clark Francis, Investment – Analysis and Management, MC Graw Hill, International Editions, 1986. 3. Preethi Singh, Investment management, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Bombay Nagpur and Delhi,1986. . Lewis Mandell, Investments, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1992. 5. Nabhi Kumar Jain, How to earn more from shares, Nabhi Publications, Delhi, 1992. 6. Carter Randall Non-stop ~winning from the stock market Vision Books, New Delhi, Bombay (1992). . 7. S. Rajagopal,. â€Å"Bank Risk Management – A risk pricing model†, State Bank of india, Monthly Review, VoI. XXXV, No. 11, November 1996, p. 555. 8. Rukmani Viswanth, â€Å"PDs working on Risk Management Model†, TIE Hindu, Business Lime, Daily, Voi. 8, No. 17, January 18,2001, p. 11

Goal Theory of Latham and Locke essays

Goal Theory of Latham and Locke essays Any discussion of goal theory would have to note the work of Latham and Locke, Abraham Maslow and Alderfer at least, along with other theories that are useful in management. Latham and Locke noted that motivation and performance are higher when individuals set specific goals, and also, that those goals must be difficult but acceptable to the person accepting them. Latham and Locke noted, also, that there must be feedback on performance, but that as long as they are accepted, demanding goals lead to better performance than easy ones. (The Manager Web site) Maslow's famous hierarchy of needs also has significant impact on the area of setting goals. The needs he identified were, from lower to higher: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-fulfillment. When a lower- order need had been fulfilled, he thought, then the next higher order would become dominant. (The Manager Web site) In other words, if a person is fighting for survival, literally, then goals will concern food and shelter. If those needs are met, then the goals will concern obtaining not just any haven, but a safe haven, and on up the ladder. In management, if a person's need for an income is met, then the next goal might be for pleasant working conditions, and when those are met, then perhaps the goal would be to be accepted by one's colleagues, and so on. Maslow also thought that the highest order needs provide the greatest motivation: I would agree with that, assuming the basic survivalor in the case of the workplace, incomeneeds have been met. Alderfer's ERG Theory was about subjective state of satisfaction and desire and is similar to Maslow's hierarchy. Alderfer put all human needs into three categories: existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. (The Manager Web site) His first category corresponds to Maslow's physiological and safety...

11 Memorial

Arads Vision for the National 9/11 Memorial Rebuilding anything is hard work. Nearly two years after the 9-11 terrorist attacks, New York developers announced a challenge - design a memorial for a shocked and grieving nation. Anyone could enter the competition. Entries poured in from architects, artists, students, and other creative people around the world. A panel of 13 judges reviewed 5,201 proposals. It took six months to select the designs of eight finalists. Behind closed doors, one of the judges, Maya Lin, praised a simple memorial originally titled Reflecting Absence. The 34-year-old  architect, Michael Arad, had never built anything larger than a police station. Yet submission 790532, Arads model for the memorial, stayed in the hearts and minds of the judges. Michael Arads Vision Michael Arad had served in the Israeli Army, studied at Dartmouth College and Georgia Tech, and eventually settled in New York. On September 11, 2001, he stood on the roof of his Manhattan apartment building and watched the second plane strike the World Trade Center. Haunted, Arad began sketching plans for a memorial long before the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) launched their competition. Arads concept for Reflecting Absence featured two 30-foot deep voids, symbolizing the absence of the fallen Twin Towers. Ramps would lead down to underground galleries where visitors could stroll past cascading waterfalls and pause at the plaques engraved with the names of those who died. Arads design was truly three-dimensional, with subterranean features as pronounced as those at street level. The design, Arad later told Places magazine, drew inspiration from the simple, sculptural work of architects Louis Kahn, Tadao Ando, and Peter Zumthor. Although the judges admired Michael Arads entry, they felt that it needed more work. They encouraged Arad to join forces with California landscape architect Peter Walker. By all reports, the partnership was rocky. However, in the spring of 2004 the team unveiled an expanded plan that incorporated a scenic plaza with trees and walkways. Trouble Looms for the 9/11 Memorial Critics responded to the 9/11 Memorial plans with mixed reviews. Some called Reflecting Absence moving and healing. Others said that the waterfalls were impractical and the deep pits hazardous. Still others protested the idea of memorializing the dead in a space located underground. To make matters worse, Michael Arad butted heads with architects in charge of the New York reconstruction projects. Daniel Libeskind, master planner for the World Trade Center site, said that Reflecting Absence did not harmonize with his own Memory Foundations design vision. The architects chosen for the underground National 9/11 Museum, J. Max Bond, Jr. and others from the Davis Brody Bond architecture firm, came on board and tweaked Arads subsurface memorial design - apparently against Arads wishes. After stormy meetings and construction delays, cost estimates for the memorial and the museum soared to nearly $1 billion. In May 2006, New York Magazine reported that Arads memorial teeters on the brink of collapse. Michael Arads Dream Triumphs The World Trade Center towers (the  skyscrapers) and the Transportation Hub are the business end of what is built at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan. Early on, however, politicians, historians, and community leaders knew that a good part of the real estate had to be dedicated to the people affected by the terrorist tragedy. This meant a memorial and museum within one of the largest spaces set aside for redevelopment. Who was involved? Architects of the underground museum (Davis Brody Bond); architects of the aboveground pavilion entrance to the museum (Snà ¸hetta); architect of the memorial (Arad); landscape architect for the memorial / museum plaza area (Walker); and the architect of the Master Plan (Libeskind). Compromise is the cornerstone of every great project. Like Libeskinds dramatically altered Vertical World Garden, Reflecting Absence saw many transformations. Its now known as the National September 11 Memorial. The names of those who died areinscribed on the bronze parapet on the plaza level, instead of in underground galleries. Many other features that Arad wanted have been modified or eliminated. Still, his core vision - deep voids and rushing water - remains intact. Architects Michael Arad and Peter Walker worked with a water architect and many engineers to construct the enormous waterfalls. Family members or victims remained actively involved as they deliberated over the arrangement of the engraved names. On September 11, 2011, ten years after the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, a formal dedication ceremony marked the completion of the National 9/11 Memorial. The underground museum by Davis Brody Bond and the aboveground atrium pavilion by Snà ¸hetta opened in May 2014. Together, all of the architectural elements are known as the National September 11 Memorial Museum. The Memorial by Arad and Walker is an open park space, free to the public. The underground museum, includingthe infamous slurry wall that holds back the Hudson River, is open for a fee. The September 11 memorial site is designed to honor the nearly 3,000 people who were killed in New York, Pennsylvania, and at the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and also the six people who died when terrorists bombed the New York World Trade Center on February 26, 1993. More generally, the National 9/11 Memorial speaks out against terrorism everywhere and offers a promise of renewal. Who Is Michael Arad? Michael Sahar Arad was one of six recipients of the Young Architects Award given by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 2006. By 2012 Arad was one of fifteen Architects of Healing receiving a special AIA medal for his Reflecting Absence design of the National 9/11 Memorial in New York City. Arad was born in Israel, 1969, and served in the Israeli Military from 1989 to 1991. He arrived in the US in 1991 to go to school, earning a BA in Government from Dartmouth College (1994) and a Masters in Architecture from Georgia Institute of Technology (1999). He signed on with Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) from 1999 to 2002, and after 9-11 worked for the New York City Housing Authority from 2002 to 2004. Since 2004 Arads been a partner at Handel Architects LLP. In the Words of Michael Arad Im proud to be an American. I was not born in this country, nor was I born to American parents. Becoming an American was something I chose to do, and Im so grateful for that privilege because I love the values of this country and Im grateful for the opportunities this country has given me first as a student and then as an architect. America epitomizes for me liberty and equality, tolerance and a belief in shared sacrifices. It is a noble social experiment that depends on every generations engagement and belief in it. The design of the Memorial of the World Trade Center is a physical manifestation of these values and beliefs. It is a design formed by my experiences in New York in the aftermath of the attacks, where I witnessed the remarkable response of the City as a community, united in its most trying hour; united in compassion and courage, determined and stoic. The public spaces of the City - places like Union Square and Washington Square - were the sites where this incredible civic response took shape, and, in fact, it could not have taken shape without them. These public spaces informed and gave shape to the response of its citizens and their design is open democratic forms reflect our shared values and beliefs in a civic and democratic society based on freedom, liberty, and yet even the individual pursuit of happiness what else is a pursuit of solace in the face of grief. Public spaces form our shared responses and our understanding of ourselves and our place within society, not as spectators, but as participants, as engaged citizens, as a community of people united by a shared destiny. What better way to respond to that attack and to honor the memory of those who perished than to construct another vessel for that community, another public space, a new forum, a place that affirms our values and imparts them to us and to future generations. It has been a remarkable privilege and responsibility to be part of this effort. I am humbled and honored to be part of it, and I am grateful for the recognition this award bestows on the efforts of my colleagues and myself. Thank you very much. - Architects of Healing Ceremony, American Institute of Architects, May 19, 2012, Washington, D.C. Sources for This Article: Reflecting Absence, commentary by Michael Arad from Places magazine, May 2009 (at http://places.designobserver.com/media/pdf/Reflecting_Abs_1162.pdf)The Breaking of Michael Arad, New York magazineCost and Safety Put Memorials Striking Vision at Risk, New York TimesReflecting Absence: Exploring The 9/11 Memorial, Huffington Post9/11 Memorial Nears Completion, Ending Complicated, Contentious Process at old.gothamgazette.com/article/arts/20110714/1/3565, Gotham GazetteIroning Out Where to Purpose 9/11†²s Iconic Steel Cross, New York Observer9/11 Memorial Official SiteLower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) at www.lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspxThe Port Authority website at www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/memorial-museum.htmlLower Manhattan Construction Command Center Project Update at lowermanhattan.info/construction/project_updates/world_trade_center_memorial_93699.aspx

Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dreams - Essay Example Scientific theories have ranged from speculation that we dream as a means of learning more about ourselves through the revelation of repressed desires to the concept that dreams are a means of the subconscious providing the conscious mind with seemingly prophetic warnings developed through thousands of unconscious signals received during the waking hours. Other theories have suggested that we dream as a means of further developing our mental abilities and spiritual concepts, slowly assimilating what we’ve learned into our established worldview while still others have indicated that we dream as a means of dealing with our daily experiences by either getting rid of the memories or storing them away in our mental memory banks. What the various scientists have revealed in their dream studies is that there are a wide variety of ways in which dreams might have meaning to an individual, whether they realize it or not. However, it seems plausible that dreams will have more meaning to an individual who has a particular belief regarding what they might mean than an individual who reports they don’t dream at all or who believes that dreams have no meaning and doesn’t bother to remember them. Sigmund Freud is perhaps the most recognized individual in the field of dream theory. In developing his model of the mind, Freud determined that the dream functions as a sleeper’s defense against the disturbing thoughts and emotions of the subconscious mind (the id) by acting as a censor (Wilson, 2005). Unlike Freud, who felt that dreams were less frightening manifestations of subconscious horrors, Jung felt that they were revelations that uncovered not only our own emotional issues and fears of the perso nal subconscious, but also link us to the collective unconscious, â€Å"the reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of knowledge we are all born with. And yet we can

Workplace Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Workplace Human Resource - Essay Example Hence, this department is only responsible for managing the existing employees within the business. Credit Union Bank has a corporate HR department responsible for the implementation and development of different aspects of human resource management, including hiring, talent management, change management, organizational performance, learning and development, employee engagement, benefits, compensations, diversity and inclusion, employee relations, and so forth, However, the local branch I work for has its local HR department. Basically, the HR department in my branch of the bank is responsible for the same things the corporate one is. However, of course, the amount of work and the scale of responsibilities differ significantly. While the corporate department is more focused on the long-term goals of the whole chain of banks, the local HR department in my branch is more concerned about such aspects of work as getting the best-fit candidates for vacant positions, keeping under control the relationships between the employees in the workplace, giving feedback on the achievements and performance of the employees, and designing compensation and bonus systems. Since the branch I work for is relatively small, the local HR department is represented by one single person. Regardless of the fact that our bank branch is not big, to my point of view, it is hardly possible for one person to cover all the responsibilities and duties an HR manager is supposed to cover. Proceeding from this, it becomes clear why some HR-related problems regularly occur in my workplace.

MGT Week 9 SA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT Week 9 SA - Research Paper Example When a particular question has to be answered, as in the case study of Florida State University, triangulation methods are suitable. The mixed approach study revealed how different methodologies can be combined to enhance research results’ validity. Qualitative researches are more suitable for exploring broad matters whether it is a perspective or a particular question while quantitative researches are more useful for results that can be measured or calculated. Observation is a key tool that is used in qualitative researches for getting the required information. Personal observation in qualitative research methodology adds reliability to the results because minor details are taken into account that are normally missed out in quantitative methodology. When a mixed approach is used to carry out the research, benefits of both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are combined which enhance the research. For example, use of observation and interviews in addition to surveys helps the researchers uncover more facts to draw the conclusions

Medea Greek Mythology Essay Example for Free

Medea Greek Mythology Essay When Medea decides to take matters in to her own hands, about punishing the people who have done wrong to her, she is accused of wanting not justice—vengeance. Because I am not a native of neither Corinth nor Colchis, I have my own view about her motives. However, I would agree with the Corinthian Women, Medea is seeking vengeance; not justice. Some people might argue that Medea is seeking justice. When in actuality, Medea wants vengeance. The opposition would say justice took place because the Gods allowed Medea the time to perform her various acts. Although these things happened Medea turned to vengeance when she took it upon herself to kill Creon and his daughter Creusa. Even the chorus, the â€Å"ideal spectators†, implies that Creon is a poor king when, after he banishes Medea, the First Corinthian Woman sympathizes, â€Å"I am of Corinth and I say that Corinth is not well ruled. †(1. 214-216). This quote gives us proof that Medea has some sort of reason to seek revenge on Creon. However she lets her hatred exceed its boundaries and allows herself to take the lives of the King of Corinth and its Princess all because they chose Jason over her. In addition, her actions all prove that she wants Jason to do more than pay for hurting her. She wants him to suffer at the fate of her own children. Her revenge was selfish. Medea involved the two things she knew would hurt Jason the most—her own children. According to the First Corinthian Woman, â€Å"It would be better for you, Medea if the earth opened her jaws and took you down into darkness. But one thing you will not do, for you cannot, you will not hurt your own children, though wrath like plague-boils aches, your mind in a fire-haze bites the purple apples of pain. No blood-lapping beast of the field, she-bear nor lioness, nor the lean wolf-bitch, hurts her own tender whelps; nor the yellow-eyed, seythe-beaked, and storm shouldered eagle that tears the lambs has ever made prey of the fruit of her own tree. †(2. 115-126). Keep in mind that the Corinthian Women are the conscious of Corinth. Through this quote the First Corinthian Women has stated that Medea could not harm her own children. She even gives examples of the most dangerous predators that don’t even harm their own young. This is evidence that Medea went beyond the state of justice; but she went well into the state of vengeance. Medea knew what she was doing and quite frankly she could care less about anything other than what she thought of what was seeking revenge on Jason. In conclusion, vengeance was sought by Medea. She went above the fact of teaching Jason a lesson; she even stated she hated Jason more than she loved her children. Answer this question is what Medea has done entertaining or morally instructive?

Hispanic Cultural Views And Traditional Values

Hispanic Cultural Views And Traditional Values Hispanics are the largest minority population in the United States. Projections suggest that the estimated 46.9 million Hispanics who currently reside in the United States (U.S. Census Bureau 2009) will grow to over 62 million by 2020 and to more than 133 million by the year 2050 (Bean, 2001). Research is crucial in learning how this population functions, assimilates and understanding the societal trends that have the strongest impact on Hispanics. Hispanics display an exceptional resilience to assimilating into mainstream American cultural patterns while maintaining their traditional cultural norms, beliefs and customs (Acevedo, 2009). Research that examines the underlying factors which facilitate Hispanic assimilation gives insight into understanding Hispanic culture. It can serve as the foundation for developing a guideline in studying cultural assimilation and aiding other cultures in achieving it. An individuals beliefs, motivation, and actions are defined and influenced by conn ections and investments with groups they consider themselves to be a part of. In the realm of behaviors and attitudes, groups are exceedingly significant (Acevedo, 2009). Therefore, studying Hispanics as a group supplies researchers a unique advantage in gaining relevant insight. One of the most prominent values of Hispanic culture is familismo, the emphasis on family relationships, which includes gender roles, childbearing, familial hierarchy, etc (Raffaeilli Ontai, 2004). It is a cultural value that highlights the priority of family connections, participation in larger family networks and harmony within relationships. In traditional Latino families, it is generally believed cultural values reflect traditional hierarchical gender roles. Women are supposed to be virginal until marriage. In essence this means they are expected to remain virgins until they marry and be ignorant in sexual manners because the husband is responsible for educating his wife in this arena (Quadagno, Sly, Harrison, Eberstein Soler, 1998). The womans most important roles are as wife and mother being the caretaker for the children, her husband, and home life in general. Traditional male roles are defined as machismo, in which males maintain dominant and aggressive attitudes and are r esponsible for working to support the family (Saez, Casado Wade, 2009). Men are considered to be the head of the household and possess the most power in making decisions. The traditional definition of these gender roles also implies that women are the more subservient sex and men being not only more powerful but also domineering, macho, and potentially excessively controlling and abusive. The relationship between gender-role socialization and hypermasculinity suggests that the home environment is a powerful source of messages regarding male gender role norms (Saez, Casado Wade, 2009) as well as female gender role norms. Scholarly research has criticized this depiction of traditional gender roles as stereotypical and invalid (Amaro, 1988). In the Latino world, machismo is defined as the expectation that a man will be honorable, responsible and loving towards his family (Parra-Cardona Busby 2006). Hispanic partners are also very likely to be influenced by cultural values that empha size personalismo, which refers to a high level of emotional resonance in interpersonal encounters (Parra-Cardona Busby, 2006). Therefore, communication and connection between partners and within the family carry significant weight, promoting familial harmony, strength and growth. Clinicians are responsible for understanding the familial gender roles as defined by different ethnicities in order to maintain cultural competence to work with those populations. Multicultural competence is generally characterized as involving three main areas: clinicians awareness of the culture they identify with, clinicians knowledge of the clients perception of society, and clinicians knowledge and implementation of culturally appropriate treatment strategies and interventions (Bean, 2001). Since the Hispanic population continues to grow, the demand for therapists who are trained to work with Hispanics will also rise. Therefore, research will supply information that can be applied toward developing and implementing treatment plans that will best serve Hispanics. There exists an overwhelming amount of research concerning gender roles amongst the Hispanic population. However, research concerning roles as defined by the elderly Hispanic population is quite scarce, creating a significant gap in understanding the populace. The population of U.S. Hispanics older than 64 years is one of the fastest growing segments of elderly Americans (Beyene, Becker Mayen, 2002). Respeto, or respect, is a traditional value in the Hispanic culture. All members of the family are expected to be respected and give it in return. Traditionally, Hispanic elderly were highly valued for their role and function as well as their ability to contribute their knowledge and experience to their family. They have served as repositories of history, tradition and values (Beyene, Becker Mayen, 2002). They are addressed as Don or Doà ±a, titles of reverence and respect. Children are socially and morally obligated to support their elderly parents, which typically translates to pare nts moving in with their childrens family once their condition limits their independence and inhibits their ability to care for themselves. However, the Hispanic elderly that have emigrated from their native country live in a different society that possesses values that differ greatly from the society they were raised in. In the modern Hispanic culture it remains common practice to seek out the elderly for advice concerning childrearing and family relations, but young Hispanics who were raised in the United States are more likely to align their values with those based on the U.S. culture, which emphasizes youthfulness and personal independence (Beyene, Becker Mayen, 2002). Research shows a significant connection between emotional well being and family support for the elderly Hispanic population. Elderly Hispanics deem emotional support, understanding, compassion and love from their adult children as the most important form of assistance. Thus emphasis is given to social relationships and emotional connection. An exchange of attention and affection with grandchildren also has a significant influence on the sense of well-being for Hispanic elderly (Beyene, Becker Mayen, 2002). The elderly Hispanic population tends to have a strong connection to religion and religious tradition. This is believed to aid in helping with the stresses of old age. Religious beliefs help people make life bearable, and determine their relationship to the supernatural, to the environment, to time, to activity, and enhance their self-worth (Beyene, Becker Mayen, 2002). Religious beliefs are aligned closely with the conservative sphere, which indicates the possibility that elderly Hispanic whom are less assimilated into American culture and feel a more powerful connection to their culture are more likely to possess conservative views and ideals than young Hispanics or Hispanics who are more assimilated into U.S. culture. Most Hispanics in the United States identify with Catholicism or evangelical Protestantism which are traditions that have a tendency to embrace conservative theological and social values, such as opposing abortion and contraception (Ellison, Echevarrà ­a Smith, 20 05). Ultimately, conservative views call for more traditional gender roles in the family, embracing old-fashioned practices which become scarcer as the United States continues to embrace and incorporate a more modern way of life Methods The literature suggests that within Hispanic cultures, there are strong traditional moral ties connecting younger and older generations, including traditions like adult children caring for elderly parents and women remaining celibate until marriage. However, these relationships may be different from generation to generation, particularly as some generations become more acculturated to American life. The question we will attempt to answer is exploratory in nature and serves to ask whether or not there is a relationship between age and traditional beliefs within the Hispanic population in the United States. In order to test this question, we will utilize data taken from the Pew Hispanic Center in 2002. The Pew Hispanic Center conducted the National Survey of Latinos in 2002 among 2929 Latinos and 1284 non-Latinos. This was a broad survey that asked a number of socially relevant questions related to culture, experience and relationship to the United States. These were telephone surveys conducted in both English and Spanish among a randomly selected sample of adults. The respondents were selected using a four-stage stratification system to identify areas more densely populated with Hispanic people and computer assisted calls were made to random phone numbers within these areas. The data received was proportioned to match expected area population values based on country of origin. We will use the data collected from only the Hispanic population in the sample, as this is the target population relevant to our research question. In order to test our question, we will look at two variables: age and level of agreement with the statement, It is better for children to live in their parents home until they get married (Pew Hispanic Center, 2002). This question is valid for our study due to its relationship to traditional Hispanic family values regarding child and parent roles. The answers were coded in the survey using possible responses of four levels of agreement, from strongly agree to strongly disagree and additionally allowed respondents to state dont know. For our purposes, we will recode the data received from this question to include just the four levels of response and encode the dont know responses as missing data, because these responses give us little insight within our exploratory analysis. We will begin our analysis by conducting descriptive frequencies analysis of our two variables, utilizing the datasets included recoded age data, which grouped age responses into five age groups, and the responses to the survey question. We will then run a crosstabulation of the two variables and conduct a Pearson chi-square test using SPSS software. The chi-square test will allow us to see if there is a significant relationship between the two variables. It will measure the significance of the difference between the expected and observed frequencies when comparing categories of the two responses within a crosstabulation. The crosstabulation will allow us to identify specific frequencies of each response divided by age group. The null hypothesis is that there is no significant relationship between the two variables and that the frequencies of responses will be distributed equally. We will use a two-tailed test in order to be fully able to observe if a relationship exists, either positively or negatively. Based on the literature, our hypothesis is that there is a positive relationship between age and the belief among Hispanics in the U.S. that children should remain at home until marriage. The usefulness of this exploratory analysis is that a relationship between these variables may be indicators of greater trends or differences in beliefs among generations and may serve as a basis for additional exploration. The limitation of this study occurs due to its exploratory nature in that we are looking at only one variable as an indicator for the relationship of tradition and age. Although limited in terms of general relationship, discovering a relationship with these variables specifically may help clinicians to better picture and predict generational belief differences within families regarding child and parent roles. Results By running descriptive frequencies on the recoded age variable, we were able to visualize an unequal distribution among our five age groups. The data (see Table 1) shows that of the 2929 respondents, the largest group were 18-29 years old, representing 32.0% of the total sample. The next two age groups, 30-39 and 40-54, reported in similar numbers, with 748 (26.0%) and 721 (25.1%) respectively. The largest drop then occurred, with only 8.5% reporting each for the next two groups, 55-64 and 65 or older. Descriptive frequencies run on our question variable (see Table 2 and Chart 1) shows heavily skewed responses, with 1779 (61.5%) of the 2929 respondents answering that they agree strongly that children should live in their parents home until they get married. 512 (17.7%) responded agree somewhat. Disagreement comprised of only 20.4% of the respondents, with 11.9% disagreeing somewhat and 8.9% disagreeing strongly. Of the total sample, 38 responses equally 1.3% of the total were counted as missing data. Running a crosstabulation on these two variables found 85 (2.9%) missing cases (see Table 3), which leaves 2844 (97.1%) cases that are valid for comparison. Within the frequency table generated by the crosstabulation (see Table 4,) we can see the degree to which each age group agrees or disagrees with the survey question. Although 61.4% of the total population strongly agrees with the question, the 65+ age group gave this response most frequently, with 78.0% of that age group strongly agreeing and 14.5% agreeing somewhat. The three middle age groups responded similarly in nearly equal numbers when proportioned for their age groups, representing 64.8% to 65.8% of each age group strongly agreeing and 16.7% to 17.8% of each age group agreeing somewhat. Although a lower proportion of the youngest age group responded with strongly agree, it is important to note that 49.4% of this age group still gave this response and 19.8% agreed somewhat. Disagreement with the question displayed fewer responses among the sample population, but skewed toward the younger age group, with 18.0% of that age group disagreeing somewhat and 12.8% disagreeing strongly. The numbers decrease with each age group, with 4.1% of the oldest age group disagreeing somewhat and 3.3% disagreeing strongly. From the crosstabulation results, there appears to be a relationship wherein older respondents respond more frequently in agreement with this question. Although younger respondents strongly agree in large numbers with the question, they also report disagreement more frequently. The results of the Pearson chi-square test (see Table 5) indicate that the relationship between these two variables is significant, with a p-value below the .0005 level, based on a chi-square value of 117.985 with 12 degrees of freedom. The results of our analysis thus reject the null hypothesis that there is an equal distribution of frequencies and no relationship. The results show a higher frequency of general agreement with our study question among the oldest group of respondents and a higher rate of general disagreement among the youngest respondents. The middle three age groups responded slightly more conservatively than the oldest group, however, they still responded more frequently with agreement to the survey question. The results of our analysis show a somewhat positive relationship between age and level of agreement with the survey question, thus confirming our initial hypothesis. Discussion and Conclusion The data collected shows that there is a relationship between age and traditional beliefs of people of Hispanic origin in the United States. The findings, as explained in the results section, indicate that there is a positive correlation between age and the belief that children should remain home until marriage. The older the individual surveyed is, the more likely he/she is to strongly agree with this belief. This finding assists social workers in understanding the importance of familial relationships as well as the effects of assimilation across generations within the Hispanic culture. Understanding the impact of these two factors helps to inform therapeutic work with members of this population by assisting clinicians in becoming culturally competent. Cultural competence is an important quality that all social workers ought to possess when working with individuals from a culture different from ones own. Cultural competence is then aspirational at best and requires the continuous de velopment of practitioners cultural sensitivity, awareness, knowledge, and skills (Furman et al, 2009) learning is an ongoing process and it is imperative that social workers keep this in mind in order to be able to serve clients from different backgrounds. By engaging in cultural competent practices clinicians will be able to better understand and empathize with his/her clients. Through the clinicians personal awareness and cultural sensitivity, client and clinician can build a trusting relationship. Without cultural awareness, social workers contribute to oppression when working with clients from other cultures. This is unethical practice and can cause clients great harm (Sue et al., 1992). This understanding amongst the clinician and client will serve to build a therapeutic rapport between the two, which is the foundation for successful work with a client. The effect of assimilation and acculturation across generations is another important factor that clinicians should be aware of. Though attitudes dont dramatically differ across age groups, it is important to recognize that traditional beliefs within the Hispanic population are slowly changing as many Hispanics assimilate into the American culture. Generally, acculturation has been measured in terms of behavior, cultural identity, knowledge, language, and values. These aspects, then, are critical components in understanding and addressing factors that cause intercultural conflict and distress related to adapting to a new culture (Furman et al, 2009). As social workers, it is important for us to realize the potential effects that this assimilation may have. For example, one noticeable difference between the American culture and the Hispanic culture is our value system. The American culture values independence and individualism while the Hispanic culture values interdependence and colle ctivism. Anderson Sabatelli point out this fact; they explain that, Workers need to recognize that a behavior or coping mechanism is not dysfunctional simply because it does not match dominant culture patterns (1999). This is very important for practitioners to realize when working with cultures that are different from their own. By becoming aware of potential differences in interpretations and problems practitioners will be able to better understand and relate to his/her clinics. Even problem identification itself is a part of this awareness process. What may be interpreted as a problem to the client may not be a viewed as a problem to the clinician and the same is true the other way around. For example, in terms of the survey that was conducted, it was found that older Hispanic people strongly believed that children should remain home until married. If a client came to seek counseling because his/her son/daughter moved out of the home to pursue a single lifestyle, a clinician wit hout cultural competency may shrug this problem off. He/she may attempt to convince the individual that this is not a pressing problem because every day, people move out of their parents homes in order to live on their own. This is an example of the practitioner not placing the clients values high in regard. This blatant disregard may make the client not want to participate in services. Researcher Tina Hancock further describes the interdependence of the Hispanic culture as it relates to family, the family generally is regarded as the survival net for its members, who internalize a strong sense of duty to one another and across generations. The foundation of this cultural orientation is the value of la familia and the principle of familismo (2005). We must look at the effects that such a change in traditionally held beliefs may have on the family unit and culture as a whole. Using a systems perspective to analyze the interactions between an individual and his/her family, social workers can better understand conflict and potential interventions, by acknowledging that the individual, family, and cultural systems all interrelated. Conclusion The Hispanic population in United States is growing faster than all other minority populations combined, The Hispanic, population is projected to swell from 28 million from 1990s to about 100 million in 2050( pewhispanic.org). With this increase in diversity in the population it is necessary for social workers to be able to work with a variety of cultures in their work with the American population. By using the information gathered on the issues of assimilation and familial relationships clinicians can develop better and more effective interventions in their work with this particular population. Developing cultural competency is one way of achieving this task. In this study we were limited by the variety of responses that we were able to obtain, as the questions that were asked were very broad in nature. For future research it would be beneficial for researchers to delve deeper into the topic of assimilation upon cultural attitudes. Additionally, further study the effects of cultural competency as it relates to client-clinician relationships would also be effective in shaping social work practice. By becoming more aware of the different values and traditions, practitioners work with varied populations will become more informed and effective.